Metformin inhibits gastric cancer via the inhibition of HIF1α/PKM2 signaling

Recent evidence suggests that anti-diabetic drug metformin prevents cancer progression, but the mechanism by which metformin inhibits tumor growth remains elusive. In this study, we investigated the anticancer role of metformin in gastric cancer and explored the underlying mechanism. The expression of hypoxia inducible factor 1α (HIF1α) and pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2) in different stages of gastric cancer tissues was detected by immunohistochemistry. Gastric cancer cell viability was evaluated by CCK-8 assay; apoptosis and cell cycle were analyzed by flow cytometry. The expression of PI3K, Akt, HIF1α, PARP, PKM2 and COX in gastric cancer cells was detected by immunofluorescence and Western blot analysis. We found that HIF1α and PKM2 protein expression levels were higher in advanced gastric cancer tissues than in gastritis tissues. Metformin reduced gastric cancer cell viability, invasion and migration. Metformin induced apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in part through inhibiting PARP expression. Metformin downregulated PI3K, Akt, HIF1α, PARP, PKM2 and COX expression. Moreover, overexpression of HIF1α increased gastric cancer cell viability, invasion and migration. In summary, metformin has profound antitumor effect for gastric cancer by inducing intrinsic apoptosis via the inhibition of HIF1α/PKM2 signaling pathway.     

Aldehyde dehydrogenase 1A1 circumscribes high invasive glioma cells and predicts poor prognosis

Glioma is the most aggressive brain tumor with high invasiveness and poor prognosis. More reliable, sensitive and practical biomarkers to reveal glioma high invasiveness remain to be explored for the guidance of therapy. We herein evaluated the diagnostic and prognostic value of aldehyde dehydrogenase 1A1 (ALDH1A1) in the glioma specimens from 237 patients, and found that ADLH1A1 was frequently overexpressed in the high-grade glioma (WHO grade III-IV) as compared to the low-grade glioma (WHO grade I-II) patients. The tumor cells with ALDH1A1 expression were more abundant in the region between tumor and the borderline of adjacent tissue as compared to the central part of the tumor. ALDH1A1 overexpression was associated with poor differentiation and dismal prognosis. Notably, the overall and disease-free survivals of the patients who had ALDH1A1⁺ tumor cells sparsely located in the adjacent tissue were much worse. Furthermore, ALDH1A1 expression was correlated with the “classical-like” (CL) subtype as we examined GBM specimens from 72 patients. Multivariate Cox regression analysis revealed that ALDH1A1 was an independent marker for glioma patients’ outcome. Mechanistically, both in vitro and in vivo studies revealed that ALDH1A1⁺ cells isolated from either a glioblastoma cell line U251 or primary glioblastoma cells displayed significant invasiveness, clonogenicity, and proliferation as compared to ALDH1A1^- cells, due to increased levels of mRNA and protein for matrix metalloproteinase 2, 7 and 9 (MMP2, MMP7 and MMP9). These results indicate that ALDH1A1⁺ cells contribute to the progression of glioma including invasion, proliferation and poor prognosis, and suggest that targeting ALDH1A1 may have important implications for the treatment of highly invasive glioma.     

紫外线在杀菌中诱导形成细菌L型的初步观察

用紫外线对金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌进行不同时间照射后,未被杀死的细菌可形成L型细菌。在研究中观察与测定了所形成的细菌L型在形态、生化反应与返祖现象等方面的特点。     

女性护理专业学生心理健康相关因素分析

目的:分析护理专业学生心理健康的影响因素。方法:于2005-12-01/15按整群抽样法抽取西安市高校在读的护理专业学生515名作为被调查对象。症状自评量表总分≥187为高分组,总分≤116为低分组。高分组与低分组配比的条件是均为女性,年龄相差不超过3岁。采用症状自评量表、简易应对方式问卷、自尊量表、护理专业学生相关状况调查表进行问卷调查。对调查变量进行单因素和多因素Logistic回归分析。结果:共发放问卷515份,其中2名学生生病未填写调查表,应答率为99.6%。调查中有效问卷共507份,有效率为98.8%。症状自评量表总分高分组与低分组学生各100名。①护理专业学生心理健康相关个人因素(计量变量)单因素分析结果:高分组积极应对、自尊水平得分明显低于低分组(20.47±5.02,22.15±6.02;25.91±3.60,30.96±3.25),差异有显著性意义(P<0.05,P<0.01)。高分组消极应对得分明显高于低分组(12.57±4.08,8.00±4.12),差异有显著性意义(P<0.01)。②护理专业学生心理健康相关个人因素(二分类变量)单因素分析结果表明,高分组与低分组比较差异有显著性的因素有独生子女、远离家人、孤独、学习压力大、担心拿不到学位、自我实现需要的满足、经常被人误会、受人歧视、失恋、有知心朋友、无处倾诉苦恼、睡眠型态紊乱、近1年来本人健康改变、适应新环境、经常参加体育活动、担心毕业分配、现有最担心的事情。③多因素分析显示,学习压力大(OR=10.017)、近1年来本人健康改变(OR=4.384)为护理专业学生心理健康状况不良的独立危险因素,而自我实现需要的满足(OR=0.037)、高水平自尊(OR=0.357)是保护因素。结论:护理专业学生心理健康状况与教育、成长、社会环境等多方面因素相关,其心理健康干预需考虑学生的个人因素有针对性地进行。     

低压力气腹在妇科腹腔镜手术中的应用

目的 探讨低压力气腹在妇科腹腔镜手术中的应用。方法 回顾分析2年多对81例妇科疾病应用低压力气腹进行腹腔镜手术治疗的经验。结果 81例均成功地实施了腹腔镜手术，无中转开腹。其中卵巢手术42例，输卵管手术30例、腹腔镜辅助下阴式全子宫切除术9例。平均手术时间36min．平均住院天数4．8d，术中出血量少许，无术中和术后并发症。结论 低压力气腹用于妇科腹腔镜手术具有出血少、恢复快、副作用少的优点，在妇科疾病治疗中是安全，可行的。     

山东省三地区彩民心理健康状况分析

目的了解山东省彩民的心理现状及影响因素。方法运用自制筛查量表和SCL-90作为工具对随机抽取的山东省三地区彩民进行调查研究,共计发放问卷1 160份,回收有效问卷1 142份;所有数据用SPSS11.5for windows统计软件包进行处理分析。结果山东省彩民有32.0%的人存在不同程度的心理健康问题,其中5.1%符合DSM-Ⅳ关于病理性赌博的标准。与全国常模比较,我省彩民SCL-90总分及大部分因子分较高(P<0.05);与同期正常对照人群相比,彩民SCL-90躯体化因子分、焦虑因子分、精神病性因子分显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。不同地区彩民的心理健康状况存在显著差异(P<0.05);已发展为病理性赌博彩民较普通彩民心理健康状况差,差异有统计学意义。以SCL-90总分为因变量,发大财、购彩失控、想翻本、整天只想与彩票有关的事情、做事情想立即见到成效、急需用钱、借钱购彩、因买彩票花钱过多与家人争吵、性格易冲动发怒等自变量进入Logistical回归方程。结论我省彩民32.0%存在心理问题,且存在显著的地区差异性;其中5.1%的彩民成为病理性赌博者。我省彩民心理问题主要表现在强迫、抑郁、人际关系敏感、焦虑等方面。发大财、购彩失控、想翻本、整天只想与彩票有关的事情、做事情想立即见到成效、急需用钱、借钱购彩、因买彩票花钱过多与家人争吵、容易冲动发怒等是影响彩民心理健康主要因素。     

围手术期低氧血症患者的无创呼吸支持治疗:欧洲麻醉学会与欧洲重症监护医学会联合指南解读

低氧血症是外科患者术后常见并发症,严重者可危及患者生命。氧疗是处理低氧血症患者最常用且有效的方法,鉴于常规氧疗(conventional oxygen therapy,COT)并不能有效预防低氧血症,故应提倡更有效的无创呼吸支持治疗以防治围手术期低氧血症,但相关规范并不完善。近期,欧洲麻醉学会(European Society of Anaesthesiology,ESA)与欧洲重症监护医学会(European Society of Intensive Care Medicine,ESICM)联合发布《围手术期低氧血症患者无创呼吸支持治疗的ESA/ESICM联合指南》,涵盖五大临床问题,并对COT、经鼻高流量氧疗(high flow nasal cannula,HFNC)、无创正压通气(noninvasive positive pressure ventilation,NIPPV)和持续气道正压(continuous positive airway pressure,CPAP)的有效性进行比较和推荐,共给出19条具体建议。该指南对指导临床正确选用无创呼吸支持治疗提供了重要依据,对有效治疗围手术期低氧血症具有重要意义。临床医师也应及早识别围手术期低氧血症的高危患者,术中积极实践肺保护性通气策略,以降低患者肺部并发症风险,从而预防围手术期低氧血症。